ABSTRACT
Objective@#To evaluate the effect of acteoside on learning, memory and neurotransmitter in SAMP8 mice.@*Methods@#The 6-month-old rapidly aging SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into model group, namenda group, low-dose acteoside group(30 mg·kg-1 ·d-1), medium-dose acteoside group(60 mg·kg-1 ·d-1) and high-dose acteoside group(120 mg·kg-1 ·d-1) according to the digital table method, with 12 in each group.And 12 SAMR mice with the same age resistance were used as the control group.After 75 days of continuous intragastric administration, Morris water maze method and spontaneous activity experiment were used to investigate the effects of acteoside on learning, memory and anxiety of mice.The levels of neurotransmitters acetylcholine(ACh), serotonin(5-HT), norepinephrine(NE) and dopamine(DA) in mouse brain tissue(cortex and hippocampus) were detected by ELISA.@*Results@#(1)In the Morris water maze test, compared with the model group, the acteoside significantly reduced the escape latency of SAMP8 mice in training period.(2)In the experiment of autonomic activity, compared with the model group, the average speed and total distance of the low-dose acteoside group were significantly increased(t=15.0, 20.8, both P<0.05); the number of vertical movements and the average speed of the medium-dose acteoside group were significantly increased(t=15.8, 13.6, both P<0.05). The average speed and total distance of the high-dose acteoside group were remarkarbly increased(t=30.9, 29.7, both P<0.05), and the number of defecations in the mice of the lav-dose acteoside group, medium-dose acteoside group, high-dose acteoside group were((2.83±1.19)particles, (3.25±1.29)particles, (2.58±1.16)particles), they were obviously lower than that of the model group ((5.25±1.48) particles)(t=15.7, 20.1, 13.5, all P<0.01). (3)Simultaneously, the contents of ACh, NE and DA in the hippocampus and cortex of the model group were significantly lower than those in the normal group (hippocampus: t=10.3, 12.7, 13.2, all P<0.05; cortex: t=11.7, 10.5, 12.4, all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the contents of ACh, NE, DA and 5-HT in the hippocampus and cortex of the low, medium and high doses of acteoside were significantly increased(hippocampus: t=31.4, 20.3, 10.7, 12.9, all P<0.05; cortex: t=33.7, 29.4, 14.5, 12.7, all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The acteoside can enhance the ability of spatial learning and memory of SAMP8 mice, and can regulate the depression and anxiety of animals.The mechanism may be related to the ACh content and the monoamine neurotransmitters increase in the brain.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of acteoside on learning,memory and neurotransmitter in SAMP8 mice. Methods The 6-month-old rapidly aging SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into model group,namenda group,low-dose acteoside group(30 mg·kg-1 ·d-1),medium-dose acteoside group(60 mg ·kg-1 ·d-1) and high-dose acteoside group(120 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ) according to the digital table method, with 12 in each group. And 12 SAMR mice with the same age resistance were used as the control group. After 75 days of continuous intragastric administration,Morris water maze method and spontaneous activity experi-ment were used to investigate the effects of acteoside on learning,memory and anxiety of mice. The levels of neurotransmitters acetylcholine ( ACh), serotonin ( 5-HT ), norepinephrine ( NE ) and dopamine ( DA ) in mouse brain tissue(cortex and hippocampus) were detected by ELISA. Results (1) In the Morris water maze test,compared with the model group,the acteoside significantly reduced the escape latency of SAMP8 mice in training period. (2)In the experiment of autonomic activity,compared with the model group,the aver-age speed and total distance of the low-dose acteoside group were significantly increased(t=15. 0,20. 8,both P<0. 05);the number of vertical movements and the average speed of the medium-dose acteoside group were significantly increased(t=15. 8,13. 6,both P<0. 05). The average speed and total distance of the high-dose acteoside group were remarkarbly increased(t=30. 9,29. 7,both P<0. 05),and the number of defecations in the mice of the lav-dose acteoside group, medium-dose acteoside group, high-dose acteoside group were ((2. 83±1. 19)particles,(3. 25± 1. 29) particles,(2. 58± 1. 16) particles),they were obviously lower than that of the model group ((5. 25±1. 48) particles)(t=15. 7,20. 1,13. 5,all P<0. 01). (3) Simultaneously, the contents of ACh,NE and DA in the hippocampus and cortex of the model group were significantly lower than those in the normal group (hippocampus:t=10. 3,12. 7,13. 2,all P<0. 05;cortex:t=11. 7,10. 5,12. 4, all P<0. 05). Compared with the model group,the contents of ACh,NE,DA and 5-HT in the hippocampus and cortex of the low,medium and high doses of acteoside were significantly increased ( hippocampus: t=31. 4, 20. 3,10. 7,12. 9,all P<0. 05;cortex:t=33. 7,29. 4,14. 5,12. 7,all P<0. 05). Conclusion The ac-teoside can enhance the ability of spatial learning and memory of SAMP8 mice,and can regulate the depres-sion and anxiety of animals. The mechanism may be related to the ACh content and the monoamine neuro-transmitters increase in the brain.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE： To optimize the extraction technology of verbascoside from Cistanche tubulosa， and to provide reference for further development and comprehensive utilization of C. tubulosa. METHODS： The content of verbascoside in C. tubulosa was determined by HPLC. The determination was performed on Inertsil-ODS-3V column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.2％ formic acid aqueous solution （40 ∶ 60， V/V） at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃， the detection wavelength was 330 nm， and the sample size was 10 μL. Using extraction rate of verbascoside as index， soaking time， ethanol concentration， liquid-solid ratio， extraction time and extraction times were investigated by single factor tests. According to the results of above tests， ethanol concentration， liquid-solid ratio and extraction time were optimized by Box-Behnken response surface methodology. The verification tests were carried out on the optimized extraction technology. RESULTS： The linear range of verbascoside was 18.65-932.4 μg/mL. The optimal extraction technology included that ethanol concentration 63％， liquid-solid ratio 8 ∶ 1 （mL/g）， soaking for 2 h， extraction time 1.5 h， extracting for 2 times. The extraction rates of verbascoside in the three parallel verification tests were 78.21％， 76.95％， 79.34％， respectively. The relative errors of those to predicted value 76.76％ were 1.89％， 0.25％， 3.36％. CONCLUSIONS： The optimized extraction technology of verbascoside from C. tubulosa is stable and feasible， and is suitable for the extraction of verbascoside.